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Form
Multi-stemmed shrub or tree with wide spreading crown.
Leaves
Simple, alternate, 2 ½ " – 5 " long and 1"
– 2 " wide. Oblong, rounded or heart shaped, sharply and
doubly serrate, dark green leaves with hair on underside of veins.
Veins can fork at edges of leaf.
Fall Color
Yellow, orange and/or brilliant red.
Stem/Buds/Bark
Slender stem, dark brown, smooth or hairy. Bark is smooth, bluish
gray, sinewy with rounded ridges running length wise. Small, narrow,
oval buds 1/6 to ¼" long. 4 downy edged scales, terminal bud
absent.
Flowers
Male – 1 – 1 ½" long. Female – 2 –
3" long. 3 lobed bracts with a toothed middle lobe being the
largest (1").
Flowering Time
Early to mid-June.
Fruit
Nut at base of bract.
Landscape Uses
Good native tree with beautiful trunk and branches resembling
long, smooth muscles. Best in naturalized settings for use in the
understory. Does well in wet soils.
Major Landscape Features
Does well in dense shade and wet soils, but is adaptable for
other landscape settings.
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Hardiness Range
3 – 9
Native Habitat
South to Florida/Texas, Nova Scotia to Minnesota
Height
20 – 30 feet
Growth Rate
Slow
Spread
20 – 30 feet Exposure: Shade
Culture
Difficult to transplant and should be moved in spring,
balled and burlapped. Needs deep, rich, moist, slightly acid
soils. Does well in heavy shade but will do well in sunnier
and drier locations.
Pest Problems
Insects – Scale.
Diseases – Leaf spots, cankers, twig blight.
Cultivars
‘Pyramidalis’– V-shaped with a round top.
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